Artificial Selection Breeding for Desirable Traits

Artificial selection is the process of breeding animals for their desirable traits by an outside source other than the organism itself or natural selection. Unlike  natural  selection, artificial selection is not random and is controlled by the desires of humans. Animals, both domesticated and wild animals that are now in captivity, are often subjected to artificial selection by humans to achieve the ideal pet in terms of looks and demeanor or a combination of both. Artificial Selection Renowned scientist  Charles Darwin  is credited with coining the term artificial selection in his book On the Origin of Species, which he wrote upon returning from the Galapagos Islands and experimenting with crossbreeding birds. The process of artificial selection had actually been used for centuries to create livestock and animals bred for war, agriculture, and beauty. Unlike animals, humans dont often experience artificial selection as a general population, though arranged marriages could also be argued as an example of such. However, parents who arrange marriages generally choose a mate for their offspring based on financial security rather than genetic traits. Origin of the Species Darwin made use of artificial selection to help gather evidence to explain his theory of  evolution  when he returned to England from his journey to the Galapagos Islands on the  HMS Beagle.  After studying the  finches  on the islands, Darwin turned to breeding birds— specifically pigeons—at home to try and prove his ideas. Darwin was able to show that he could choose which traits were desirable in pigeons and increase the chances for those to be passed on to their offspring by breeding two pigeons with the trait; since Darwin performed his work before  Gregor Mendel  published his findings and founded the field of genetics, this was a key piece to the evolutionary theory puzzle. Darwin hypothesized that artificial selection and  natural selection  functioned the same way, wherein traits that were desirable gave the individuals an advantage: Those who could survive would live long enough to pass the desirable traits on to their offspring. Modern and Ancient Examples Perhaps the best-known use of artificial selection is dog breeding—from wild wolves to  dog show  winners of the American Kennel Club, which recognizes over 700 different breeds of dogs. Most of the breeds the AKC recognizes are the result of an artificial selection method known as crossbreeding wherein a male dog from one breed mates with a female dog of another breed to create a hybrid. One such example of a newer breed is the labradoodle, a combination of a Labrador retriever and a poodle. Dogs, as a species, also offer an example of artificial selection in action. Ancient humans were mostly nomads who roamed from place to place, but they found that if they shared their food scraps with wild wolves, the wolves would protect them from other hungry animals. The wolves with the most domestication were bred and, over several generations, humans domesticated the wolves and kept breeding those that showed the most promise for hunting, protection, and affection. The domesticated wolves had undergone artificial selection and became a new species that humans called dogs.

The Epic Poem, Beowulf - Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf...

Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf The oldest of the great lengthy poems written in English and perhaps the lone survivor of a genre of Anglo-Saxon epics, Beowulf, was written by an unknown Christian author at a date that is only estimated. Even so, it is a remarkable narrative story in which the poet reinvigorates the heroic language, style, and values of Germanic oral poetry. He intertwines a number of themes including good and evil, youth and old age, paganism and Christianity and the heroic ideal code, into his principal narrative and numerous digressions and episodes; all of which were extremely important to his audience at the time. Vengeance, part of the heroic code, was regarded differently by the two distinct religions.†¦show more content†¦The failure to take revenge or to exact compensations was considered shameful. Hence when Grendel attacks Heorot and slaughters thirty of Hrothgars men, Hrothgar sat stricken and helpless, humiliated by the loss of his guard, bewildered ... in deep distress, ( L.130-133) not only for the loss of his man but also for the dishonour of his inability to kill Grendel or enforce the wergild. For twelve years, Hrothgar suffers in shame because Grendel would never parley or make peace with any Dane nor stop his death-dealing nor pay the death-price. (L. 154-156) However, revenge motivates the people in this pagan society, and before long, news of Hrothgars troubles reach far and wide, including Geatland. Beowulf feels compelled to come to Hrothgars aid, not only for fame and glory, but also to settle an old feud between their kin. Before long, Beowulf, the Geat captain had boldly fulfilled his boast to the Danes: he had healed and relieved a huge distress, unremitting humiliations. (L. 827-830) Before Beowulf killed Grendel, one of his Geats had to die by the hands of Grendel. According to the honour of the heroic code, vengeance had to be imposed and compensation, a price in gold, was settled for the Geat Grendel had cruelly killed earlier. (L. 1052-1054) This is another example of how revenge is intricated into their society, and in this case Hrothgar, being the noble king that he is, pays theShow MoreRelatedRevenge In Beowulf And Iliad1605 Words   |  7 Pagesdictionary Vengeance or revenge is defined as â€Å"a punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense†. Vengeance could be classified as a form of justice at times. And is seen through Beowulf and Iliad. In Beowulf, it seen through numerous characters. Revenge is a unique emotion in which is can be very motivating to accomplish a certain task, to serve for justice. In Iliad, Achilles using the feeling of Revenge to complete his journey. Comparing the two stories, vengeances is shown inRead MoreBeowulf Is A Pagan Work Essay519 Words   |  3 Pages The poem Beowulf was written in England sometime in the 8th century. It was written during a time when the society was in the process of being converted from paganism to Christianity. The Christian influences are combined with early folklore and heroic legends of Germanic tribes. Yet, the pagan elements in the epic poem Beowulf clearly overshadow the Christian elements, and it is visible in the character’s superhuman personifications, their hunger for revenge, and their strong belief in fateRead MoreRetribution in Beowulf1124 Words   |  5 Pages_Beowulf_ is an epic poem that, above all, gives us a vision of a time long ago; a time when the most important traits to have were courage and integrity. The only thing that could give such fame to somebody was heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the example of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to accumulate fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is present throughout the whole poem seems to enrich the identities ofRead MoreComparing Beowulf And The Anglo Saxon Epic Poem Beowulf972 Words   |  4 Pagesare necessary? In the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf, vengeance plays a central role in the actions of the characters. Beowulf is set in a Scandinavian society that places a heavy emphasis on righting wrongs and avenging others. A warrior who comes in aid of his fallen kinsmen is often regarded as a hero, and it is clear from the poem that combating those who have wronged you is a favorable action. Does this make vengeance a necessary element of heroism in the poem? This question cannot be answeredRead MoreThe Irony in the Ideal Hero700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Irony in the Ideal Hero Beowulf is an epic poem about a great hero in pagan society written by a Christian poet. During the time that Beowulf was written, the Germanic tribes were in flux, transitioning from paganism to Christianity. The conflict between the ideal pagan warrior and Christian ethics is evident throughout the poem. Beowulf is portrayed as the ideal hero because of his bravery, strength, and skill as a warrior; his success over Grendel and Grendel’s mother is rewarded with richesRead MoreEssay on Revenge of Beowulf1181 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge of Beowulf Beowulf is an epic poem that, above all, gives the reader an idea of a time long past; a time when the most important values were courage and integrity. The only factors that could bestow shower fame upon a person were heroic deeds and family lineage. Beowulf, as the paradigm of pagan heroes, exhibited his desire to amass fame and fortune; the only way to do so was to avenge the death of others. This theme of retribution that is ever present throughout the poem seems toRead MoreComparing Beowulf And The Epic Of Beowulf937 Words   |  4 PagesRoman Empire. In the story Beowulf, his actions portray him, indeed be an epic hero. Both Christianity and Paganism are both portrayed throughout the epic Beowulf. Beowulf frequently speaks of God throughout the story, while there are also many Pagan elements that are evident throughout the story as well. In addition, It s hard to ignore the Christian and Pagan elements in Beowulf. These types of elements are what define the heroic warrior in the epic Beowulf(Vengeance the Pagan and Christian Inspiration)Read MoreReligion in Beowulf1385 Words   |  6 Pagesin Beowulf Throughout the story of Beowulf, the concept of religion plays a significant role. The Christianity ideology views state that man can survive and do great things through the protection of God. A strong desire of pride is also represented in the form of a hero in Beowulf, which in a sense goes against Christian morals. This clash with Christian morals in Beowulf was in the context of pride vs. humility and selfishness vs. sacrifice. In the book, Hrothgar first explained to Beowulf thatRead MoreThe Battle Against Grendel s Mother890 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf sets his sights towards Grendel s mother shortly after the second attack on Heorot. Grendel s mother is similarly linked to Cain just as her son was. According to the selection, it is said that after Cain was cast away by God, his mark of murder followed him. Everywhere Cain walked, monsters and shadows arose from the ground in which Grendel s mother is a result of. It is interesting to note that the story of Beowulf effort lessly contorted the Christian story of Cain by adding PaganRead MoreRoles Of Religion In Beowulf1369 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the story of Beowulf, the concept of religion plays a significant role. The Christianity ideology views state that man can survive and do great things through the protection of God. A strong desire of pride is also represented in the form of a hero in Beowulf, which in a sense goes against Christian morals. This clash with Christian morals in Beowulf was in the context of pride vs. humility and selfishness vs. sacrifice. In the book, Hrothgar first explained to Beowulf that pride without humility

Target Corp Strategic Recommendation free essay sample

We have found that Target strives to combine top of the line innovation, excellent customer service, and unparallel value at attractive prices to customers using their Expect More. Pay Less ® brand promise. The Target Corporation has many strengths that will help our recommendation succeed including a wide scope of products and brands, strong internal logistics, convenience of online shopping, and an already strong brand and financial position. We feel that Target creates a sustained competitive advantage by leveraging the different aspects of their integration strategy to attract customers. Target is able to keep volumes high, driving costs down to offer lower prices on the differentiated products that Target’s guests have grown to love and expect. ?Team Risky Business’s strategic recommendations for the Health Wellness sector include expanding initiatives and educational programs associated with organic and gluten free lifestyles. Target already has brand exclusive organic lines and our team recommends making consumers more aware of the products offered as well as benefits their guests can reap from changing their lifestyles. We will write a custom essay sample on Target Corp Strategic Recommendation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We suggest increasing advertising in order to promote these product lines to a market that is increasingly more health conscious than ever before. As with any strategic option, there are fall out risks associated to this plan that include increased costs and a potential lack of interest or demands. The full analysis gives a more in depth look at the current position of the company and future problems it could face along with the strategic recommendations we have chosen, and potential fallout risks associated with our solutions. Identify your client’s current vision and mission and analyze your client’s strategy ? Target’s ultimate goal is to become the most favored shopping destination for customers throughout all existing channels. The company plans to achieve their overall vision by continually being a top innovator in the industry, delivering outstanding customer experiences and terrific value at attractive prices, and by constantly fulfilling their brand promise of Expect More. Pay Less ®. Target tries to live up to their statements and this can be seen throughout many areas of the company. In March, 2013, Target received one of only 13 ratings of â€Å"excellent†, the highest available, from the Forrester Customer Experience Index, which measures customer experiences by survey (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013). As far as innovation is concerned, Target has made a positive imprint within the industry. Target has received many awards for its innovative excellence and is continuously reinventing its stores, layouts, and product assortments to better serve the ever-evolving needs of their guests (Target Brands, Inc. , 2013b). Target sells high-quality, trendy merchandise, at affordable prices which allows guests to â€Å"Expect More.

Short Assignment 3 Essays - African-American Culture, Hip Hop

7th February 2014 Short Assignment 3 Have you ever experienced the situation when you think people are different than you but in real it turns out that they are not? Last Wednesday, while sitting in the Gresham Food Court, I noticed several things. I saw that when people came in to eat, they mostly sat down with their friend that belonged to the same background as themselves. I believe one of the reasons for it is Ignorance. For instance in the essay My Freshman Year: Worldliness and Worldview, Nathan mentions that Americans have very limited knowledge about people from other backgrounds which can limit the interaction (Nathan par. 1). I also noticed that people were divided into two groups, the Asians and the Americans. Mostly while Asians were reserved and curling in themselves, all the Americans were sitting in groups talking loudly and laughing and trying to make a conversation. This made me realize that Americans are somewhat on the extrovert end whereas Asians are not much of a talker. Lastly I found out that like every other person in the world, Americans also have the general tendency to have fun. They eat the same things we eat and drink the same things we drink. They are no different than us. We just expect their worldview to be different but its similar to ours. For instance in Nikki Reynas article Loving Hip-Hop in Morocco, she mentions that Josh Asen was surprised at hip-hops popularity in Morocco as the country wasnt included in international marketing or promotions. He never would have guessed that Moroccan people would be into hip-hop (Reyna par. 3). People already have a mindset about other cultures. You wont know until you observe it by yourself. These observations will just make it clear for you and help you realize the truth. So did my observation change my worldview? It surely did. Works cited Nathan, Rebekah. "My Freshman Year: Worldliness and Worldview." The World of Writing: A Guide. Ed. Kate Mangelsdorf & Evelyn Posey. Boston: Longman, 2011. 216-220. Reyna, Nikki. Loving Hip-Hop in Morocco. The World of Writing: A Guide. Ed. Kate Mangelsdorf & Evelyn Posey. Boston: Longman, 2011. 128-130.